Welcome to the Fort Mill Ridge Historical Site in Romney, West Virginia, a place steeped in the rich history of the American Civil War. This site is home to some of the best-preserved Civil War trenches in the United States, offering a tangible connection to a pivotal moment in American history.
The story of Fort Mill Ridge begins during the early years of the American Civil War, specifically between 1861 and 1862. Originally constructed by Confederate forces, these trenches were intended to protect strategic routes through the area. The Confederates, skilled in military engineering, designed these trenches to defend the approaches to Romney on the Northwestern Turnpike and the South Branch Potomac River. However, the site changed hands, and by 1863, it was under Union control, with the 54th Pennsylvania Infantry and the 1st West Virginia Infantry refurbishing the trenches to further fortify their position.
Colonel Jacob M. Campbell, commanding the Union forces at Romney, set up camps at nearby Mechanicsburg Gap, ensuring that the Union maintained control over this strategic location. The engineering techniques seen here, such as the use of rammed earth fortifications, marked a shift in military strategy from open-field battles to fortified positions, reflecting a broader change in how wars were fought during this era.
Fort Mill Ridge’s historical significance extends beyond its military use. It serves as a reminder of the strategic importance of transportation routes during the Civil War, highlighting how control of such routes could influence the outcome of battles and, ultimately, the war itself.
In 2014, Fort Mill Ridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, ensuring its preservation for future generations to explore and understand this critical piece of American history.
