Welcome to the Octagon Earthworks in Newark, Ohio, a marvel of ancient engineering and astronomy crafted by the Hopewell culture over two millennia ago. As you explore this site, imagine stepping back in time to a period between 100 BCE and 400 CE when the Hopewell people meticulously constructed these monumental earthworks. The Octagon Earthworks are part of the larger Newark Earthworks complex, which covers several square miles and is one of the largest geometric earthwork sites in the world.
The Octagon Earthworks were built with a purpose that transcended mere construction. These formations were designed as a lunar observatory, aligning with the 18.6-year cycle of the moon’s orbit. This remarkable achievement in ancient astronomy is a testament to the Hopewell’s sophisticated understanding of celestial bodies. Viewed from the Observatory Mound, the moon aligns precisely with the center of the octagon during the peak of its cycle.
In a broader historical context, the Newark Earthworks served as a ceremonial center for the Hopewell culture, a society renowned for its extensive trade networks and artistic achievements. Artifacts found here indicate interactions with distant regions, including the Yellowstone basin and Florida, showcasing the Hopewell’s far-reaching connections.
Over time, the significance of these earthworks was nearly forgotten, buried under the layers of history and modern development. In the 20th century, the Octagon Earthworks were leased to the Moundbuilders Country Club, which maintained a golf course on the site. However, the Ohio History Connection has been working diligently to reclaim the earthworks for public access, culminating in a recent ruling allowing the transformation of the site into a public park.
In October 2023, the site was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognizing its universal cultural significance alongside other iconic sites like Stonehenge and Machu Picchu. This designation not only honors the achievements of the Hopewell culture but also ensures the preservation and appreciation of this extraordinary site for future generations.
As you walk through the Octagon Earthworks, consider the stories they tell about human ingenuity and our perennial quest to understand the universe. The legacy of the Hopewell people lives on in these majestic earthworks, offering us a glimpse into a world where architecture, astronomy, and spirituality were intricately intertwined.
