Welcome to Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine, an iconic symbol of American resilience and history. This star-shaped fortification, located at the entrance of Baltimore Harbor, has played a significant role in the United States’ past, most notably during the War of 1812.
Fort McHenry was established on the site of an earlier fort, Fort Whetstone, and was completed in 1803. It was named after James McHenry, a signer of the U.S. Constitution and a former Secretary of War. Designed by French engineer Jean Foncin, the fort’s unique pentagonal shape and strategic location made it a critical defense point for the city of Baltimore.
The fort’s moment of fame came during the Battle of Baltimore on September 13-14, 1814. British forces, having recently burned Washington D.C., set their sights on Baltimore. For 25 relentless hours, British warships bombarded Fort McHenry with rockets and bombs. Despite the onslaught, the fort’s defenders held steadfast, and when the smoke cleared, the sight of the American flag still flying inspired Francis Scott Key to pen the poem ‘Defence of Fort M’Henry.’ This poem, set to music, later became the national anthem of the United States, ‘The Star-Spangled Banner.’
Throughout its history, Fort McHenry has served various roles. During the Civil War, it was used as a prison for Confederate soldiers and political detainees. In World War I, it became a military hospital, treating over 30,000 veterans. The fort was also a U.S. Coast Guard training center during World War II.
Today, Fort McHenry stands as a National Monument and Historic Shrine, a testament to its historical significance. Visitors can explore the well-preserved grounds, witness the daily flag change ceremonies, and delve into the rich history through self-guided tours and exhibits. The fort’s landscape, including its ramparts and historical structures, offers a vivid glimpse into America’s past.
Notably, Fort McHenry is the only site designated as both a National Monument and Historic Shrine in the United States. It continues to be a place of reflection and education, drawing visitors who wish to connect with the stories of bravery and patriotism that shaped the nation.
