Welcome to the California Historical Landmark No. 3, otherwise known as Mission San Francisco Solano. Located in the picturesque town of Sonoma, this site marks the northernmost and final link in the chain of 21 Spanish missions established in California. Founded on July 4, 1823, by the enterprising Father José Altimira, it was the only mission founded after Mexico’s independence from Spain and the only one established without prior church approval. This mission was born from a daring vision to replace the roles of Mission San Francisco de Asís and Mission San Rafael, although this plan was never fully realized.
Father Altimira’s initial ambition was not met with universal support. The mission’s construction was temporarily halted by Father Presidente de Sarria, reflecting the tension within the church about the mission system’s future. Nevertheless, Altimira persisted, and the mission was completed, initially constructed from simple wood and adobe materials. Its location was strategic, intended to serve as a buffer against Russian expansion from Fort Ross.
As you explore, imagine the bustling activity of the early 1800s. The mission grounds once spanned over 10,000 acres, hosting orchards, vineyards, and grazing lands. It was a hub of agricultural production, albeit not as prosperous as other missions due to its late establishment.
In 1834, the mission was secularized under General Mariano Vallejo’s command, transforming it into a parish church. Vallejo, a prominent figure in California’s history, played a crucial role in the region’s transition from Mexican to American governance. The mission and the surrounding area became embroiled in historical events, such as the Bear Flag Revolt of 1846, when American settlers declared California a republic.
One of the fascinating stories from this mission is its connection with the Russians at Fort Ross. The original mission bell was a gift from these unlikely neighbors, symbolizing a unique intercultural exchange. Over time, Mission San Francisco Solano evolved, eventually becoming part of the state historic park. It serves as a testament to California’s complex colonial past and the diverse cultures that shaped it.
